Investigation of Factors Affecting Surface Water Change Using Satellite Data and Remote Sensing Techniques (A Case Study: BAND-E-AMIR National Park, Afghanistan)

Sayed Jawad Hedayat; Mohammad Kazem Yosufi; Mohammad Israfeel Azadmanish Azadzoi

doi:10.62810/jnsr.v3i4.282

Authors

Sayed Jawad Hedayat Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Parwan University, Parwan, Afghanistan
Mohammad Kazem Yosufi Department of Geography, Faculty of Geoscience, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
Mohammad Israfeel Azadmanish Azadzoi Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Parwan University, Parwan, Afghanistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62810/jnsr.v3i4.282

Keywords:

Band-E-Amir national park, Land surface temperature, Global surface water, Man-Kendal

Abstract

This study employs multi-sensor remote sensing technology to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Band-e-Amir National Park, Afghanistan. In a context of global water scarcity and a critical lack of in-situ hydrological data, satellite imagery from Sentinel-2, JRC, and Global Surface Water datasets was processed using GIS and the Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI) to quantify surface water extent. The Mann-Kendall statistical test was applied to determine significant trends. Contrary to declining water trajectories observed in other Afghan regions, the analysis reveals a significant increase in surface water area within the park from 2000 to 2020. Interannual variability is evident, with the surface water area measured at 708.7 hectares in 2016 and 636.6 hectares in 2023. Correlation with climatic drivers indicates that this positive trend is primarily attributable to a significant increase in precipitation, as derived from GPM satellite data.In contrast, land surface temperature data from MODIS-Terra showed no statistically significant trend, ruling it out as a major contributing factor. The findings demonstrate the critical utility of remote sensing for environmental monitoring in data-scarce regions and highlight localized hydrological resilience to climate change in Band-e-Amir, driven predominantly by precipitation patterns. This research provides a foundational assessment essential for the park's future conservation and water resource management strategies.

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