Determination of Chemical Contaminants of Groundwater in District 17 of Kabul City

Abstract

Water quality assessment is crucial for identifying and mitigating potential contamination sources that impact human health, ecosystems, and industries. This study investigates groundwater quality in District 17 of Kabul City, Afghanistan, by analyzing various chemical parameters. The district, established in 2003 due to rural-urban migration, covers 70 square kilometers with approximately 400,000 inhabitants and 42,000 residential homes. Four groundwater samples were collected from wells across District 17 and analyzed in laboratories following standard methods adhering to WHO guidelines and Afghan National Standards. The study examined fluoride, sulfate, nitrate, iron, pH, and electrical conductivity. Findings revealed an average fluoride concentration of 0.76 mg/L within the acceptable range. Sulfate levels were normal, with the lowest reading at 297.5 ppm. However, the average nitrate content of 12.425 ppm exceeded the 10-ppm standard, indicating potential contamination. The average iron content of 0.24 ppm was acceptable, and the water pH of 7.65 was suitable. Notably, the electrical conductivity measured 1258 μS/cm, surpassing expected standards and suggesting groundwater quality issues. The findings serve as a baseline for future research and developing strategies to address water pollution and quality concerns in Kabul City. Comprehensive assessments of groundwater resources are vital for maintaining public health, environmental sustainability, and industrial operations.