Residue and Human Risk: A Reassessment of Aminoglycoside Residues in Edible Tissues
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62810/jnsr.v3i1.187Keywords:
Aminoglycosides, Toxicity risks, Drug residues, Pharmacokinetics, Food safety, Withdrawal PeriodsAbstract
Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics widely used in both human and veterinary medicine, primarily for the treatment of bacterial infections. These drugs, including gentamicin, neomycin, and tobramycin, are poorly absorbed when taken orally and are therefore primarily administered via injection, although oral formulations are also available for the treatment of certain enteral infections. The primary concern with the use of aminoglycosides in veterinary medicine, especially in food-producing animals, is the potential risk for drug residues in products such as meat, milk, and eggs, staples of the human diet. Antibiotic residues can be harmful to humans, potentially causing adverse effects or contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides, particularly their limited absorption when ingested orally, raise significant questions about the justification for current withdrawal times. Since these drugs are poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, the risk of residue accumulation capable of producing adverse effects in consumers is minimal. The aim of this review is to investigate whether current withdrawal times for aminoglycosides, particularly when residues are ingested orally by humans, are scientifically justified. The review evaluates the pharmacokinetic profiles, regulatory guidelines, and the associated risks of drug residues from oral exposure. The findings suggest that the risk of residue-induced adverse effects is negligible, as oral aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed and primarily act locally within the gastrointestinal system. Therefore, the review argues that current withdrawal times may be unnecessary and need to be reevaluated. Further research on residue persistence in food products following oral administration is necessary to optimize withdrawal guidelines.
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